TMJ disorder can involve:
Symptoms can include:

Studies suggest that the potential application of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could prove affective as therapy for TMJOA and other cartilage injuries. Exosomes are being considered the principal agent of MSC secretions for TMJ treatment.
Exosomes are primarily derived from MSCs, chondrocytes and adipose tissue. Exosomes act as intercellular messengers, which deliver specific miRNA components to reverse the loss of cartilage matrix associated with TMJOA.